EN ISO 14819-1-2004 交通和旅客信息(TTI).经过交通电文编码的TTI电文.第1部分:无线电数据系统用编码协议.使用ALERT-C的交通电文信道(RDS-TMC)

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【英文标准名称】:TrafficandTravellerInformation(TTI)-TTImessagesviatrafficmessagecoding-Part1:CodingprotocolforRadioDataSystem-TrafficMessageChannel(RDS-TMC)usingALERT-C(ISO14819-1:2003);EnglishversionENISO14819-1:2003+AC:2004
【原文标准名称】:交通和旅客信息(TTI).经过交通电文编码的TTI电文.第1部分:无线电数据系统用编码协议.使用ALERT-C的交通电文信道(RDS-TMC)
【标准号】:ENISO14819-1-2004
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2005-06
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:欧洲标准学会(EN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:无线电信道;远程处理;道路运输;远程信息管理;远程通信;交通和旅客信息;无线电信号;电文处理;编码;数据传输;TTI;电文;无线电通信;数据传送;交通业务;交通管制;传播学;机动车;定义;电文服务;无线电报文;信息交换;英语;记录
【英文主题词】:Communication;Datatransfer;Datatransmission;Definition;Definitions;Encoding;Englishlanguage;Informationinterchange;Messagehandling;Messageservices;Messages;Motorvehicles;Radiochannels;Radiomessage;Radiosignals;Radiocommunication;Records;Roadtransport;Telecommunication;Telematics;Teleprocessing;Traffic;Trafficandtravellerinformations;Trafficcontrol;Trafficmessages;TTI
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:R07
【国际标准分类号】:35_240_60
【页数】:43P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforMeasuringFrettingCorrosionofOsteosynthesisPlatesandScrews
【原文标准名称】:测量接骨用板和钉磨蚀的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMF897-2002(2007)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:F04.15
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:医疗设备;腐蚀;医学科学;螺钉;试验;板;测量
【英文主题词】:corrosion-surgicalimplants;cracking-stress-corrosion;loadingtests-surgicalmaterials/applications;orthopaedicmedicaldevices-boneplates;orthopaedicmedicaldevices-bonescrews;osteosynthesis;seals;stress-metallicmaterials;testingmethods-surg
【摘要】:Itiswellknownfromexaminationofimplantsafterusethatplatesandscrewsusedforosteosynthesisaresubjectedtometallossduetocorrosionattheplate-screwinterfaces.Oneofthemechanismsofthiscorrosiveattackisfrettingcorrosionduetorelativemotion(micromotion)betweenthescrewheadsandplate-holecountersinks.Itisalsoknownthatreleaseofcorrosionproductsintothetissuessurroundinganimplantmayhaveadverseeffectsonlocaltissueorhavesystemiceffects.Thus,itisimportanttominimizetheamountoftissueexposuretocorrosionproducts.ScrewsandplatesareavailableindifferentconfigurationsinaccordancewithSpecificationsF543andF382.Thistestmethodmaybeusedtoevaluatetheeffectsofdifferentcombinationsofscrewandplatedesigns.Asnewmaterialsanddevicedesignsaredevelopedforuseinthetreatmentoffracturedbones,itisimportanttodeterminetheeffectsthesedevelopmentshaveontheamountofmetallossduetofrettingcorrosion.Thistestmethodprovidesastandardizedscreeningtestforrankingmetalplatesandscrewsintermsofresistancetofrettingcorrosionandfordeterminingtheinfluenceofdifferentsolutionsonfrettingcorrosionrates.Thistestmethodmayalsobeusedtogeneratecorrosionproductseitherforchemicalanalysisoftheproductsorfortestingforbiologicalreactionstocorrosionproductsusinganimalorcellculturemethods.Itiswellknownthatfrettingcorrosionratesdependonnormalloadorpressure,frequency,slidingamplitude,materials,surfacetreatments,andenvironmentalfactors.(4)Therefore,whendeterminingtheeffectofchangingoneoftheseparameters(forexample,materialorenvironment),allothersmustbekeptconstanttofacilitateinterpretationoftheresults.1.1Thistestmethodprovidesascreeningtestfordeterminingtheamountofmetallossfromplatesandscrewsusedforosteosynthesis(internalfixationofbrokenbones)duetofrettingcorrosioninthecontactareabetweenthescrewheadandtheplateholecountersinkarea.Theimplantsareusedintheformtheywouldbeusedclinically.Themachinedescribedgeneratesarelativemotionbetweenplatesandscrewswhichsimulatesonetypeofmotionpatternthatcanoccurwhenthesedevicesareusedclinically.1.2Sincetheenvironmentalandstressconditionsusedinthistestmethodmaynotbeidenticaltothoseexperiencedbyboneplatesinthehumanbody,thistestmethodmayproducefrettingcorrosionratesthatarelowerorhigherthanthoseexperiencedinpractice.Therecommendedaxialloadof400Nwasselectedasbeinginarangewheretheamountoffrettingcorrosionisnotsensitivetosmallchangesinaxialload(1).Thecombinationoftherecommendedloadandangulardisplacementaresuchthatameasurableamountoffrettingcorrosionofsurgicalalloysoccursinacomparativelyshortperiodoftime(7to14days).(Refs1-3)1.3Thedeviceisdesignedsoastofacilitatesterilizationofthetestspecimensandtestchamberstopermittestingwithproteinaceoussolutionsthatwouldbecomecontaminatedwithmicrobialgrowthinnonsterileconditions.1.4Thespecimensusedcanbestandardosteosynthesisimplantsorcanbematerialsfabricatedintotheappropriateshapes.1.5Thistestmethodmaybeusedfortestingthefrettingcorrosionofmetalplatesandscrewsofsimilarordifferentalloycompositions,oritmaybeusedfortestingthefrettingcorrosionofmetal-nonmetalcombinations.Thistestmethodmayalsobeusedforwearordegradationstudiesofnonmetallicmaterials.Thistestmethodmaybeusedasascreeningtesttorankthecorrosivitiesofsalineorproteinace......
【中国标准分类号】:C35
【国际标准分类号】:11_040_40
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:


基本信息
标准名称:档案防虫剂防虫效果测定法
英文名称:Testing methods for properties of pesticides used in archives
中标分类:
发布日期:2000-12-06
实施日期:2001-01-01
首发日期:
作废日期:
出版日期:
页数:7页
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